Gum disease is also known as periodontal disease, and is an infection
of the gums surrounding your teeth. Gum disease is one of the top
reasons for tooth loss in adults, and because it is virtually pain free,
many patients do not know they have the disease. During each regular
checkup, your dentist will check for signs of periodontal disease by
measuring the space between your teeth and gums.
What Causes Gum Disease?
Gum disease is caused by a buildup of plaque (a sticky form of bacteria
that forms on the teeth). If the plaque is not removed (by flossing,
brushing, and regular dental checkups), it will continue to build up and
create toxins that can damage the gums. Periodontal disease forms just
below the gum line and creates small pockets that separate the gums from
the teeth. Periodontal disease has two stages: gingivitis and
periodontitis.
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Gingivitis — This is the early stage of gum disease,
when the gums become red and swollen, and bleed easily. At this stage,
the disease is treatable and can usually be eliminated by daily brushing
and flossing.
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Periodontitis — If left untreated, gingivitis will
advance into periodontitis, and the gums and bone that support the teeth
will become seriously and irreversibly damaged. Gums infected with
periodontitis can cause teeth to become loose, fall out, or be removed
by a dentist.
Certain factors can increase a patient's risk of developing periodontal disease, including:
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Smoking or using chewing tobacco
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Diabetes
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Certain types of medication such as steroids, anti-epilepsy drugs,
cancer therapy drugs, calcium channel blockers, and oral contraceptives
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Bridges that no longer fit properly
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Crooked teeth
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Old fillings
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Pregnancy
While it is possible to have periodontal disease and not know it, some symptoms can include:
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Gums that bleed easily
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Red, swollen, tender gums
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Gums that have pulled away from the teeth
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Persistent bad breath or bad taste
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Pus between your teeth and gums
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Permanent teeth that are loose or separating
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Any change in the way your teeth fit together when you bite
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Any change in the fit of partial dentures
Treating Gum Disease
Treatments for gum disease can vary depending on the severity of each individual case. Typical treatments include:
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Non-surgical treatments such as at-home periodontal trays, and scaling and root planing (deep cleaning)
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Periodontal surgery and laser gum surgery
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Dental implants
Preventing Gum Disease
Regular dental checkups and periodontal examinations are important for
maintaining your health and the health of your smile. You don't have to
lose teeth to periodontal disease, and by practicing good oral hygiene
at home, you can significantly reduce your chances of ever getting gum
disease. Remember to brush regularly, clean between your teeth, eat a
balanced diet, and schedule regular dental visits to help keep your
smile health
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